Whatsapp Facebook Youtube Instagram

How stones are formed in kidneys?

Kidneys filter waste and fluid from the blood to make urine. Stones are formed when crystal-forming substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid are more than the fluid in the urine. These clumps of waste stick together in concentrated urine and form stones. When these stones pass through the urinary tract, they cause pain but don’t usually cause permanent damage. Kidney stones can affect any part of the urinary tract from the kidneys to the bladder.

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

Small kidney stones will move easily through the urinary tract and will not have any symptoms. But larger kidney stones may have symptoms such as:

Pain and burning sensation while urinating, blood in urine, severe pain in the side and back below the ribs or lower abdomen, nausea and vomiting, Color change of urine, foul smell urine, frequent urge to urinate, fever, and chills may come if an infection develops.

What Causes kidney stones?

Men get kidney stones more often than women. Possible causes may be due to drinking less water, obesity, following a high protein diet, sodium, and sugar, if you have undergone any intestinal surgery, infections, and family history, if you have polycystic kidney disease or cystic kidney disease, or medications.

There are four types of kidney stones: Calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, cystine stones.

Factors that increase the risk of developing kidney stones?

Digestive diseases and surgery, Urinary tract infections, Anatomical abnormalities, Obstruction of the kidney or ureter, Horseshoe kidney, Ureterocele, Ureteral stricture, vesicoureteral reflux, Medullary sponge kidney, etc.

What tests are done to diagnose kidney stones?

Blood test, Urine test, Imaging tests- CT scan and ultrasound, Analysis of passed stones.

What are the treatment options for kidney stones?

Small stones don't require invasive treatment. It can be passed by drinking water, pain relievers, and medical therapy.

For large stones that are unable to pass through may cause bleeding, kidney damage, or an infection. It requires treatments and procedures such as -

  • Using sound waves to break up the stones (ESWL- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
  • Surgery to remove very large stones in the kidney, a procedure called percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
  • Using a scope,
  • Parathyroid gland surgery.

How do bladder stones form?

These are caused when minerals build up in the bladder and form stones. It is common in men above the age of 50. This is mainly caused when the bladder is not emptied when using the toilet, often due to an underlying medical condition such as neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement, medical devices, bladder inflammation, kidney stones, bladder diverticula, cystocele.

What are the risk factors of bladder stones?

These are caused when minerals build up in the bladder and form stones. It is common in men above the age of 50. This is mainly caused when the bladder is not emptied when using the toilet, often due to an underlying medical condition such as neurogenic bladder, prostate enlargement, medical devices, bladder inflammation, kidney stones, bladder diverticula, cystocele.

How do bladder stones form?

Bladder stones are more common in elderly people. Its risk factors include Paralysis, Bladder outlet obstruction, Bladder augmentation surgery.

Diagnosis and treatment for bladder stones?

Physical exam, urinalysis, Spiral computerized tomography (CT) scan, Ultrasound, X-ray, Intravenous pyelogram

Treatment for larger stones - breaking up bladder stones, surgical removal

What are Ureteral stones?

These are the stones that are stuck in one or both ureters. It can cause severe pain. Most of the stones are calcium-based.

What symptoms caused by ureteral stones?

Stones that block the ureter or any of the kidney's drainage tubes may cause symptoms such as severe intermittent pain in the upper flank that can radiate to the lower abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.

How are kidney stones diagnosed and treated?

Ureteral stones are diagnosed by physical examination, urine test, blood test, imaging test, and CT scan.

Larger stones are treated by Shock wave lithotripsy, Ureteroscopy, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

img

Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Address: Rao Saheb, Achutrao Patwardhan Marg, Four Bungalows, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400053

Phone: +91-98 88 66 22 00

Connect With Us